Future Residential Water Heating Prospects in Brazil: A Scenario Building Ground Analysis
Abstract
In Brazil, electricity is the prime energy carrier for bath shower heating purposes. However, since analyses indicate that expansion of the country´s electricity generation capacity shall spruce from an increased non-renewable sources’ stake in detriment to that of hydroelectricity, high electricity consumption rates that spring from home end uses of the kind have drawn the attention of those who are involved with local energy planning. Furthermore, massive use of electric showers in a short timeframe largely drive electricity demands to culminate in peak loads. For water heating purposes, this context has favoured an alternative to electricity, deemed feasible from both an efficiency and energy infrastructure standpoint: promote fuel gas consumption (liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas in particular). A scenario methodology is herein employed to map electric shower use related variables and players and assess the future behaviour of the core elements that condition resorting to this technology. Thereafter, strategies and opportunities to promote the rational consumption of the country´s power sources ground on the increased use of fuel gases for residential water heating purposes are discussed.
Keywords
References
Almeida, M., Schaeffer, R., & Rovere, E. La. (2001). The potential for electricity conservation and peak load reduction in the residential sector of Brazil. Energy, 26, 413–429. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544200000712
Behrens, A., & Consonni, S. (1990). Hot showers for ethanol rich countries. Energy, 15(9). Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036054429090121H
Birol, F. (2013). World energy outlook - 2013 (p. 708). Paris. Retrieved from http://www.deltalinqsenergyforum.nl/documents/2014/IEA presentatie World Energy Outlook 2013-2035.pdf
Börjeson, L., Höjer, M., & Dreborg, K. (2006). Scenario types and techniques: towards a user’s guide. Futures, 38, 723–739. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2005.12.002
Buarque, S. (2003). Metodologia e técnicas de construção de cenários globais e regionais (No. 939) (p. 76). Brasília. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/handle/11058/2865
Castro, N. J. de, Brandão, R., & Dantas, G. de A. (2010). Considerações sobre a Ampliação da Geração Complementar ao Parque Hídrico Brasileiro (p. 32). Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.nuca.ie.ufrj.br/gesel/tdse/TDSE15.pdf
Eletrobrás. (2007). Pesquisa de Posse de Equipamentos e Hábitos de uso - Ano Base 2005. Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.procelinfo.com.br/services/procel-info/Simuladores/DownloadSimulator.asp?DocumentID={A9E26523-80B8-41E2-8D75-083A20E85867}&ServiceInstUID={5E202C83-F05D-4280-9004-3D59B20BEA4F}
Empresa de Pesquisa Energética. (2013). Balanço Energético Nacional - Ano base 2012. Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from https://ben.epe.gov.br/downloads/Relatorio_Final_BEN_2013.pdf
EPE - Empresa de Pesquisa Energética. (2014). Plano Decenal de Expansão da Malha de Transporte Dutoviária - PEMAT 2022. Rio de Janeiro.
Geller, H., Jannuzzi, G. D. M., Schaeffer, R., & Tolmasquim, M. T. (1998). The efficient use of electricity in Brazil: progress and opportunities. Energy Policy, 26(11), 859–872. doi:10.1016/S0301-4215(98)00006-8
Jannuzzi, G. M., & Schipper, L. (1991). The structure of electricity demand in the Brazilian household sector. Energy Policy, 879–891. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030142159190013E
Martins, F. R., Abreu, S. L., & Pereira, E. B. (2012). Scenarios for solar thermal energy applications in Brazil. Energy Policy, 48, 640–649. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.082
MME - Ministerio de Minas e Energia. (2011). Plano Nacional de Eficiência Energética. Brasília.
Naspolini, H. F., Militão, H. S. G., & Rüther, R. (2010). The role and benefits of solar water heating in the energy demands of low-income dwellings in Brazil. Energy Conversion and Management, 51(12), 2835–2845. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2010.06.021
Nogueira, L. P. P., Frossard Pereira de Lucena, A., Rathmann, R., Rua Rodriguez Rochedo, P., Szklo, A., & Schaeffer, R. (2014). Will thermal power plants with CCS play a role in Brazil’s future electric power generation? International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 24, 115–123. doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.03.002
Prado, R., & Gonçalves, O. (1998). Water heating through electric shower and energy demand. Energy and Buildings, 29, 77–82. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778898000346
Santos, A. H. C. Dos, Fagá, M. T. W., & Santos, E. M. Dos. (2013). The risks of an energy efficiency policy for buildings based solely on the consumption evaluation of final energy. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 44(1), 70–77. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.07.017
Santos, R. L. P. Dos, Rosa, L. P., Arouca, M. C., & Ribeiro, A. E. D. (2013). The importance of nuclear energy for the expansion of Brazil’s electricity grid. Energy Policy, 60, 284–289. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.020
Souza, I. da S., & Takahashi, V. (2013). A visão de futuro por meio de cenários prospectivos: uma ferramenta para a antecipação da inovação disruptiva. Future Studies Research Journal, 4(2), 102–132. Retrieved from http://revistafuture.org/FSRJ/article/view/110
Volpi, G., Jannuzzi, G. M., & Gomes, R. D. M. (2006). A sustainable electricity blueprint for Brazil. Energy for Sustainable Development, 10(4), 14–24. doi:10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60552-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24023/FutureJournal/2175-5825/2014.v6i2.174
Article Metrics
Metrics powered by PLOS ALM
Copyright (c) 2014 Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies
Future Stud. Res. J. e-ISSN: 2175-5825
Mailing Address: Avenida Drª Ruth Cardoso, 7221 - CEP 05425-070 - Pinheiros - São Paulo/SP - BrasilThe publications of this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Comments on this article
by Ricardo Perez (25-11-2017)
by Henrique Marques (30-11-2017)
by Ricardo Perez (28-01-2018)
by Sofia Rosa (02-02-2018)