Viabilidade Econômico-Financeira de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos em Contexto de Sustentabilidade Energética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24023/FutureJournal/2175-5825/2026.v18i1.994Palavras-chave:
Viabilidade econômico-financeira, Energia solar fotovoltaica, SustentabilidadeResumo
Objetivo: Este estudo analisa a viabilidade econômico-financeira da implementação de um sistema fotovoltaico on-grid em uma propriedade rural de Uberlândia-MG, município com alto potencial de incidência solar.
Método: A pesquisa, de natureza aplicada e de abordagem quantitativa, utilizou dados de consumo de energia, custos de implantação e projeções de geração de energia por meio do software Designer®. Foram aplicados indicadores financeiros, como Payback Descontado (PD), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Retorno sobre Investimento (ROI) e Índice de Lucratividade (IL), além de análise de sensibilidade às variações de custos e tarifas.
Resultados: Os resultados indicaram PD de 4 anos e 1 mês, TIR de 16% (superior à taxa mínima de atratividade de 9,5%), VPL positivo de R$ 220.971,99, ROI de 51% (após 5 anos) e IL de 1,16. Constatou-se, ainda, redução no consumo de kWh a pagar de 77,43% e mitigação de 1.453,5 ton de CO₂ em 25 anos. A análise de sensibilidade evidenciou a resiliência do projeto, mesmo diante de cenários adversos, como a elevação de custos ou a redução tarifária.
Conclusões: O projeto é financeiramente viável e alinha-se às políticas de eficiência energética e descarbonização. A energia solar fotovoltaica configura-se como alternativa economicamente e ambientalmente eficiente, dada a elevada insolação. Recomenda-se a replicação do modelo, precedida de estudos de dimensionamento e de cenários tarifários.
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