Keywords
Adaptação
Modelo NK
Modelagem Baseada em Agentes
How to Cite
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho é aprofundar o entendimento do processo de adaptação de empresas no ambiente internacional. Para isto utilizou-se estudos que encararam a empresa como um sistema adaptativo complexo e utilizaram o modelo NK de Stuart Kauffman. O modelo NK, originalmente concebido na biologia, vem sendo aplicado por acadêmicos em trabalhos de estratégia e organizações desde 1997. Para possibilitar o uso deste modelo para o estudo de empresas multinacionais, o modelo foi estendido para abarcar conceitos específicos de negócios internacionais como, por exemplo, a obtenção de vantagem competitiva em diferentes países a partir da adaptação de caraterísticas internas da empresa ao ambiente local. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada no paradigma da modelagem e simulação baseada em agentes, segundo o qual as empresas foram modeladas como agentes autônomos que, por meio de um processo de adaptação buscam otimizar sua vantagem competitiva. Esta abordagem permite estudar propriedades emergentes do sistema a partir da interação e do comportamento dos agentes. Os resultados das simulações mostraram que a obtenção de vantagem competitiva a partir dos atributos organizacionais da empresa em diversos países possibilita o surgimento de novas formas organizacionais viáveis. Também se observou que uma forma organizacional que não propicia vantagem competitiva ótima em um país específico, ainda pode ser viável num contexto global. Outro resultado obtido foi a emergência da catástrofe da complexidade, que é a degradação da vantagem competitiva em decorrência da adição de restrições conflitantes. Tais restrições conflitantes são resultado da necessidade de otimizar simultaneamente a vantagem competitiva em diversos países de diversas formas diferentes devido à possibilidade de adaptação local.References
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